Agricultural policy refers to a set of laws and regulations related to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products[4]. Governments implement agricultural policies to achieve specific outcomes that benefit individuals, society, and the economy at large[4]. In the United States, agricultural policy generally follows a 5-year legislative cycle that produces a wide-ranging “Farm Bill” [1]. The Farm Bill governs programs related to farming, food and nutrition, rural communities, bioenergy, and forestry[1]. Agricultural policy can also evolve between Farm Bills, and ad hoc measures are often authorized by legislation in non-Farm Bill years[1].
The Office of Agricultural Policy in the United States supports American agriculture while protecting national security[2]. Its work contributes to the strong performance of the American agricultural sector, which exported $177 billion in 2021[2]. Advancing sustainable, agricultural-led growth increases the availability of food, keeps food affordable, and raises the incomes of the poor[2]. The Office of Agricultural Policy works together with the Office of Global Food Security and the United States Agency for International Development to advance Feed the Future, the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative[2].
In the European Union, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a partnership between society and agriculture that ensures a stable supply of food, safeguards farmers’ income, protects the environment, and keeps rural areas vibrant[6]. The CAP Strategic Plans combine a wide range of targeted interventions to address specific needs and deliver tangible results in relation to EU-level objectives, while contributing to the Green Deal[6]. The plans must contribute to, and be consistent with, EU legislation and commitments relating to climate and the environment, including those laid out in the Farm to Fork and biodiversity strategies[6].
Agricultural policies have contributed to meeting goals related to increasing, diversifying, and improving agricultural production[4]. Different policy tools are used to meet these objectives, including cost share, direct payments, provision of credit, or access to services[5]. Agricultural policies are designed to address multiple objectives, including providing an income safety net for agricultural producers, minimizing negative environmental impacts of agricultural production, ensuring agricultural supply chains are equipped to provide adequate quantities of safe food to consumers, and helping address food and nutrition insecurity among vulnerable populations[5].
Citations:
[1] usda
[2] state/
[3] oecd
[4] wikipedia
[5] usda
[6] agriculture
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